Black Gold
R&DKoshihikari rice, Kampot peppercorn & black fig sofrito, all parts of chicken, edible gold
A reference to the importance of the black pepper trade in shaping the world we live in today, this dish celebrates the universal appeal black pepper has held in our diets across time and geography. Originally from the jungles of India, black pepper’s cultivation quickly spread to Southeast Asia, where it became one of the largest staples grown and traded by regional empires. The wealth generated by the nascent spice trade fueled great technological and cultural development in Southeast Asia for at least 2,000 years.
As a precursor to the Silk Road, the spice trade bridged Asia, South Asia, the Maghreb, the Levant, and Europe, growing to astronomical proportions. By the 15th century, black pepper was so valuable that it directly motivated European expeditions along the Atlantic coast and ultimately the so-called “discovery” of the Americas. It is no exaggeration to suggest that, were it not for the appeal and trade of black pepper, the world—its traditions, culture, and borders—would look vastly different.
Black pepper provided Europeans as early as the 2nd century AD an opportunity to flavor their dishes, mask faults in food, and even repair their health. Such was its appeal that historians credit it with contributing to the frequent cash flow crises that plagued the Roman Empire. By the 12th century, pepper was a mainstay in Chinese cuisine, known as hujiao (“foreign pepper”), and Marco Polo marveled at the quantities consumed in imperial Hangzhou. Today, it endures as a global staple, with dishes like Cantonese black pepper beef, Singaporean black pepper crab, and French sauces au poivre exemplifying its versatility.
On our plates, humans have used pepper in remarkably similar ways across cultures: black pepper kecaps, chutneys, and savory sauces abound. It was only a matter of time before someone combined it with rice!
A Note on Rice
Few staples have dominated our diets as successfully as rice, and few preparations are as ubiquitous and universal as rice porridge. The domestication of rice, beginning over 8,000 years ago along the Yangzi River in China and later spreading to the Indus Valley, transformed human diets. Whether domesticated independently or traded between regions, rice became a cornerstone of agriculture and cuisine. Today, its two main varieties, indica and japonica, illustrate how it adapted to diverse climates and cooking traditions.
Soupy rice dishes, a simple and soothing preparation, emerged early in rice’s history as a means of nourishment and comfort. Their adaptability and ability to stretch meager resources made them essential during times of scarcity, famine, and celebration alike. Rice porridges are present in nearly every culture touched by this grain: from Japanese Zosui to Canja de Galinha (Portugal/Brazil). Other examples include Arroz Caldo (Philippines/Spain/Latin America), Congee (China), Kichuri (India/Bangladesh), Bubur Ayam (Indonesia), Juk (Korea), Khichdi (India), Jok (Thailand), Risotto al Brodo (Italy), Minestra di Riso (Italy), Roz Bel Laban (Egypt), Ngalakh (Senegal), and Mutandabota (Zimbabwe).
Whether thickened for comfort, spiced for flavor, or sweetened for dessert, rice porridge transcends borders and identities, embodying both culinary ingenuity and human resilience. It is a testament to the adaptability of rice as a grain and to our shared histories of innovation and survival. Today, these dishes continue to bring people together, bridging cultures through bowls of warmth and nourishment.
This dish draws from the etymological roots of mantou (馒头), the Chinese word for dumpling — which likely originated from 蛮头 (barbarian’s head), a term historically used to describe foreign tribes in China.